A Study On Chemical Reactions - 1562 Words

Tony Metz 9/18/14 Prussing School 006/7th Review of Literature A chemical reaction is the â€Å"communication† (or interaction) between elements (Green, 2012). Chemical reactions can happen naturally or can be caused by a person. They can even happen inside of a living being (Newmark, 2000). Some chemical reactions can just happen randomly and others need different amounts of energy for them to occur. Heat can provide chemicals with the energy for this to happen. For example, dynamite is extremely sensitive to any shock. When it senses the sparks of a lit fuse, a fast chemical reaction between fuel and a source that will burn it causes the dynamite to explode (Newmark,†¦show more content†¦Baking soda contains sodium bicarbonate and is an ingredient used in cooking. It can also be called NaHCO3 (Science Buddies, 2002 – 2014). It raises bread while in the oven and creates small holes full of oxygen. The oxygen created is part of the combustion of the chemical reaction. Another way to say sodium bicarbon ate is sodium hydrogen carbonate (Oxlade, 2002). Baking soda can be used to create a chemical reaction. One common combination including baking soda is the combination of baking soda and vinegar. This reaction is a main part of my project. Baking soda also has properties that help keep healthy skin and can protect the body and feet from infections. It has no smell and it is white and powdery. Baking soda can provide resistance from the common cold and the flu (2014, Organic Information Services, Health benefits of baking soda). Vinegar is an acid around 2-3 on the pH scale (it is a pretty weak acid). It can also be called CH3COOH (Science Buddies, 2002 – 2014). The pH scale measures if something is an acid or a base and determines how acidic or basic the substance is. Its main components are acetic acid and water. Vinegar is used to preserve foods and is also used as a condiment on many foods, such as salad dressing. Vinegar can clean well and is used to reduce the effects of a jellyfish sting (nd, Chemical Formula, 2014). Acetic acid is a colorless liquid (it’s an acid). Acetic acid gives vinegar its taste. Since the

The History of Labor Unions Essay - 508 Words

During the Progressive Era of the Gilded Age, many laborers were being mistreated by the companies that they worked for. Because of this, workers started forming labor unions or organized association of workers, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. Many of these labor unions failed, while few of them achieved their goals and still exist today. Many factors contributed to the failure of these labor unions. The labor unions were given a bad image, the reason for this was the media, and they did this by publishing articles depicting the unions as violent, communist groups. The government supported big business during this time, since the government had a lot of power; this was a huge setback in the labor unions’ battles.†¦show more content†¦The words chosen by the writer suggests that they do not agree with the actions of the labor unions. Other times, the newspapers would associate them with violence. During the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, Charl es M. Dollar Along with seeing labor movements as radical, many labor movements were labeled socialist by the media. In the cartoon in Document C, the labor movement is shown to be influenced by socialist controls. Considering the generally negative connotation that came with communism in the United States, when newspapers like Harper’s Weekly labeled organized labor as socialist, many people developed a negative attitude towards organized labor. The disapproval of organized labor was not exclusive to the American public but also the federal government. During the late 20th century, the Supreme Court became increasingly conservative on the issue of organized labor. In the Supreme Court case In re Debs, the court ruled that federal government controlled interstate commerce and was obligated to keep the railroads from obstructions and in that specific case, strikes or protests. The fact that a good portion of the American public and the federal government saw organized labor a s a detriment; it was no surprise that organized laborShow MoreRelatedThe History of Labor Unions Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesSome of these ideologies included the free labor ideology and the producerist ideology. Free labor endorsed the belief that by removing slavery, or any other kind of barrier, everyone had an equal chance to try to get wealth (Farless). The producerist ideology tried to stay to the customary view of society and it stressed the importance of viewing the community instead of an individual (Farless). With these two ideologies, they had an impact on labor. By believing in the producerist ideologyRead MoreThe History and Violence in American Labor Unions2963 Words   |  12 PagesUniversity Labor relations professor shereen turner | The History of Violence in American Labor Unions | | | Michael Cook | 6/6/2010 | Some of the more important events in labor union history included how unions were stereotyped as violent anarchist, and how they took a stance that invoked violent activity in three serious events;Read MoreImportant Events During American Labor Union History1848 Words   |  8 Pages LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS MINI CASE IMPORTANT EVENTS IN AMERICAN LABOR UNION HISTORY WEBSTER UNIVERSITY SONI VESTAL â€Æ' Abstract In labor as in all things there is strength in numbers it is this strength that American labor unions provide. Labor unions provide a collective voice for those who had not previously been heard. As the professor in the â€Å"Frustrated Labor Historian† Dr. Horace P. Karastan is left with the dilemma what are the three most important events in American labor union historyRead MoreThe History and Formation of Labor Unions in the Unites States of America2389 Words   |  10 Pagesworst time during American labor history, the Industrial Revolution. During the Industrial Revolution, large numbers of people in the United States flocked to work in factories where they faced long hours, unsanitary and unsafe conditions and poor wages. Labor unions, or groups of organized workers, formed in the United States to ensure workers the right to a safe workplace and a fair wage in the face of capitalistic factory owners seeking wealth. In exchange, union members owe the responsibilityRea d More Labor Unions Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesLabor Unions Throughout American history, labor unions have served to facilitate mediation between workers and employers. Workers seek to negotiate with employers for more control over their labor and its fruits. â€Å"A labor union can best be defined as an organization that exists for the purpose of representing its members to their employers regarding wages and terms and conditions of employment† (Hunter). Labor unions’ principal objectives are to increase wages, shorten work days, achieveRead More labor unions Essay554 Words   |  3 Pages Labor Unions have had an effect of American history as well as world-wide history from the time they became popular. Following WWII Americans were predominantly pro-labor, however, as time went on union’s credibility fell short of perfect. Union strikes proved to be bothersome to both the general public and company. Unions were also suppressing to employees through fraud and lack of worker rights (in earlier years, before Acts were passed). Although Union labor had its shortcomings, this typeRead MoreThe Role Of Violence During U.s. Labor967 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Assignment: The Role of Violence in U.S. Labor Why do we celebrate Labor Day? There is more to our 3-day weekend holiday celebrated by get-togethers, barbequing, and an extra day off work. We celebrate the social and economic achievements of American workers. This happy ending did not have a happy start when immigrants were coming to America. They were cheap labor and unskilled so they became exploited. There was a rapid expansion in factories and manufacturing capabilities during theRead MoreUnions And The Freedom Of Collective Bargaining924 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Right-to-Work provides no ‘rights’ and no ‘work’...It’s purpose is to destroy labor unions and the freedom of collective bargaining†(Martin Luther King). The roots of labor unions in the United States dates back to the late 18th Century, when skilled craftsmen joined forces against low product prices. Since then, labor unions have been practical to both the economy and the people which it employes. It has allowed laborers to make great strides in the protection of rights in their work. It hasRead MoreLabor Unions During The Civil War1405 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought up labor unions in the United States over recent history has brought about a movement. This specific movement has shaped the way that employees and workers are treated in the workforce,and how they maintain their quality of life through this employment. Many people think that the labor unions’ influence has created a power struggle between management and union leaders. In many cases this can be considered true, as there have been countless feuds between management teams and labor unions, especiallyRead MoreLabor Unions And The United States1700 Words   |  7 PagesLabor unions and movements play an important role in the United States. Although they are treated synonymously, the labor movements encompass a broader scope than labor unions. Some of the examples of current labor unions and movements include National Guestworker, Domestic Workers United and Wal-Mart workers gr oups. The heart of the current labor initiatives in the United States can be traced back to the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Collier Collier, 2002). The labor law was imperative

Different Modes of Thought Free Essays

Courses are different to turn from the up-to-the-minute to the post modern in the dominion of philosophy and other theoretical dissertations, having the representation of complex pedigree of various and often deviating shadows through diverse restraints and cultural territories. In The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (Habermas 1987), in a way showed how a pathway moves through a practice of irrationalism from romanticism to existentialism to French postmodernism. French postmodern theory had proliferation on the said movements through the figures of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Bataille. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Modes of Thought or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Lyotard, every utterance in the language games is thought of as a move in a game, and â€Å"to speak is to fight [†¦ ] speech acts fall within the domain of a general agonistics. † By linking each statement to one another, there can be an analysis with these terms in a game with specific rules as Lyotard refers speculative discourse as a language game. He gave the name differend in a language game to the calming player. The differend exist when the procedures for what is different to be presented in the contemporary sphere of influence of discourse have no agreement. This can be a suggestion, criticism or aesthetic principle. The stillness of an impossibility of wording an injustice is marked by the differend. The measurement of a unique state of mind which distinguishes its inability to find an object sufficient to the inspirational feeling, the inspirational sensitivity does not come from the object. Powerlessness is a sign by the sublime wherein it becomes the untainted sign when it is understood by the indication of the differend. An event that is historical is an instance of the differend in which a philosopher is tasked to search out for these signs to be given expression by an existing variety of discourse (EGS 2008). There are three remarks about language games. First, legitimating does not carry rules with themselves however they are the object of an agreement, explicit or not, between players. This only means that the players somehow invent the rules. Secondly, there is no game without having such rules. It is a necessity to the games because it serves as a guide to distinguish how players will lose or win to make a fair judgment to both parties. And lastly, utterances are considered as â€Å"moves† in a game. Best example is in basketball. Players in this game do not only play physically but also ethically and morally. Once a player says obscene words against a player or any official during the game, it is somewhat a point against him. This final examination and inspection conveys us to the primary standards fundamental in our technique in one piece is, speaking is fighting, in the good judgment of taking part in, and verbal communication as in talking takes actions to drop within the sphere of influence of a universal anguishes. But does not directly suggests that winning is the primarily concern when playing. For the absolute satisfaction of its creation a particular move is made. The involvement of struggle of language aggravation carried out by trendy speech and by literature is that enormous ecstasy is had in the infinite creation of rotations of expresses, of statements and implications, the development following the advancement of language on the height of parole. But unquestionably even this gratification is dependent on a feeling of accomplishment succeeded at the price of a challenge – at least one adversary, and a redoubtable one: the acknowledged language, or suggestion. (Lyotard 1984) Losing the sight of the second principle which sets as a balance to it and presides over our examination that the discernible social bond is composed of language â€Å"moves† should not happen by the influence of the idea of agonistics of language. The core of everything at hand is at the end of the elucidation of this proposition. In the Modes of Discourse: The local structure of texts, book by Carlota Smith, she mentioned about the Discourse Mode which she broadened an argument for the position that there is an appropriately linguistic stage in discourse stated that the earlier unsuccessful linguistic approaches to discourse are over-reaction made by the pragmatic turn. The observation of linguistic regularities in adjacent sentences is made possible by text passages like the successions of at least two sentences which belong to different discourse approaches that are determined by the types if discourse units such as occasions, states, overviews, concepts which are being introduced in the course and the form of progression from one discourse entity to the next which is called simply as the â€Å"semantic progression†. In nature, it can be temporal or a temporal. Narrative, Description, Report, Information and Argument are the five discourse modes Smith recognizes. These modes speak about regular models of linguistic forms in texts to regular understandings thereof which claimed to be linguistic units. Having an investigation on questions as how linguistic properties of passages can shed light on features made by Smith aside from making an argument for the existence of linguistic discourse modes and elucidating the characteristics of their features which are shared by all discourse modes. Expressions of subjectivity in the sense of point of views and the effects of â€Å"surface presentation† in the sense of commentary and focus-background modulations in discourse are of these features. As what had Lyotard stated, in relation to Smith’s ideology, linguistics is not just mere verbal or nonverbal concepts. It also deals with various considerations and factors. These can be culture, environment, traditions and customs, religion and others. Two people of different races, geographical locations can have a vague interpretation to a certain subject or topic or just to a plain word. Diversity is a major concern but can be arranged or managed if appropriateness is dealt with. As a language game, rationalism comes with its own rules of engagement—objectivity, certainty, universality, instrumentality and predictability. However, the game is played within various â€Å"forms of life† (Lebensformen) and the latter provide the background and context against and in which the game plays out its sense and reference (Schrag, 1997, p.32). Discourse as a concept is introduced as a theoretical refinement of the concept of paradigm and applied to the sets of knowledge claims of the natural and social sciences. Horizontal differentiation defines particular modes of sociological discourse and vertical differentiation from everyday discourses defines general modes of scientific discourse. Science is the best medium for the concerns on diversity. Scientific names and such others are universally accepted that is why there would never be a problem on confusion, misconceptions and misunderstanding. It is another language that unifies other language speakers used for scholarly studies and to communicate about indefinite species. Lyotard is claiming that the conventional idealistic measures and evaluation of knowledge and genuineness within the restraints are but interior legends, which efforts to disagree with the societal foundation of omnipotence or all-knowing. The postmodern point of view like an amount of other scholarly practices and traditions, announces that all human comprehension and understanding is integrated through a shared cultural leveling, and is a social edifice. How to cite Different Modes of Thought, Papers

Operation Theories

Question: Write a brief description of two or three relevant Operations theories (the theories should address the underlying processes on which quality depends- do not rely on general quality/business process theory. Answer: Operational excellence involves the improvements of the company through achieving the competitive advantage. The operational competency of an organization would give a result for value for the customers along with financial benefits. However, all industries experiences operation failure in their system. The problem can lead from the disruptions and error in materials, information and equipment. Operation of the organization deals with the transformation of the input into outputs so that the transformational process is managed and determines the efficiency and the profitability of the organization. Finance, marketing and human resource are the sectors which support the operation of the organizations (Schnsleben 2016). The global market is managing the operation with its factories, stores and the distribution sectors. Supply chain in operation management is the most important concern as it deals with the flow of the goods and the products through the channel of customers, organizations or the partners of the supply chain (Chase 2012). Coordination of the operation is possible through minimizing the cost and improving the quality. The company needs to manage the process and the human resource through a complete dynamic in the workplace. Organizations that have operation competencies can able to achieve a number of important contributors through performance and growth. Excellence in the field of operation can lead to involve a systematic and effective approach in the business operations. It enables the organization to initiate a productive and innovative workplace. Operational excellence can evolve in efficient systems which ensure employees, focus on fixing the problems. Employees need to understand the information and the authorization to solve the problems of the business in which they work. Nike is an American multinational company which focuses to produces and designs footwear, apparel and accessories. The company faces problems in operational management. The brief measures adopted to solve the problems of the organizations (Rushton et al. 2014). Problems relating with the organizations Nike is one of the largest manufacturers of the footwear and the apparel of America. The company is the worlds leading manufacturer and seller of the athletic apparels and sports equipment. The company however has some operational problems, which becomes a barrier in terms of expansion. The company has its stores all over the world. However, the supply chain network of Nike is extremely complex. Nike has wide range of stakeholders all over the world. The supply chain in the initial stage was developed through take it directly from the manufactures to the suppliers (Christopher 2016). However, in the 90s the company introduced Future program, which divided the operations of the organization into different geographical areas. It was initiated to improve its operation management. In the year of 2000 Nike launched some programs like Nike Supply Chain (NSC), with the goal to implement the ERP and CRM into the considerations. However, the project proved a disaster for Nike. The early 2000 Nike lowered its earnings blaming software for demand forecasting and supply chain management. The inventory lowered the sale of Nike in a considerable amount of $ 100 million. The inventory management problem is one of the significant problems that start to raise another problem of the companys ordering and scheduling system. It started causing problems for overstocking and created a huge impact in the inventory and logistic costs. The company was forced to organize the investor through initiating excess discount in the distribution channels (Krajewski et al. 2013). The case study described needs to devise a plan so that the problems could be addressed. The identification of the problem is necessary in challenging times. The primary issues outlined are the distribution of products along with development of the control process. The problems needs to address in more complete form, the main problems are inventory control and scheduling. Along with it the problem of demand forecasting has also initiates a problem in operations management of Nike. The considerations need to implement with its exploration of the strategic tools and the software which enable them to improve the operations management (Khanna 2015). showing the process map of Nike describes the supply chain of the company. The flow of the products incorporates the process shown below. The process found to incorporate the complexity of management. Nikes main operating problems occur as they try to outsource their factories. Nike has outsourced the manufacturing plants in China and Taiwan. The initiates of such are because of the cheap labor and have no barrier to outsource from the oversea areas. The last few years have suffered from the operation management because of the poor labor management in the factories (Brownet al. 2013).The operation management team failed in the process again because of its infectiveness in the supply chain procedure. The distribution of its products and services in other countries need to execute plans so that they could operate it throughout the world. The location of the new business is another problem which arises beside the two problems which rose previously. The company needs to operate its opera tion management through implementing theories in the process (Stadtler 2015). Application of theories The operations problem of Nike enables to introduce a formation of implementation of theories. Theories need to adopt so that they could improve the process. The measurements of the theories would further help to understand the situation where the company lacks. It will help them to work accordingly. The theories would help to formulate a number for available options that the company can use. The problems of the company identified can be solved with proper implementation of the above (Monczka et al. 2015). The major problem identified is on the inventory process of the organization. The analysis of the theory on Inventory Control will help them to understand the problem. Large companies that help them to optimize the production and minimize the cost use the inventory control theories. It helps to store thousands of units for products and services. The inventory theory enables to control promotion for the product where it is necessary and store it. It helps to reduce the cost for carry, which on the other hands includes in the interest of the credit needed to make the inventory. However, the part discussed so far includes the risky factors (David and David2016). The risk involves if the single part of the supply for example the interest on the credit for the inventory. The production cost and the shipping cost loss increase if it takes longer time to wait. It generally appears when one needs to wait for the ship orders especially in a busy season. The theory of inventory control helps t o optimize the labor cost through making the optimization of labor cost. One needs to forecast the demand according to the month, quarter and the year. However, if someone waits until they have the sales in order then it might causes to for a shift or overtime of the workers. On the other hand they need to pay the workers as they sit idle. Generally large organizations used to buy the inventories as the units are depleted. The manufacturer needs to adopt the new products as generated by the sales team of the warehouse. The systems measure the total amount that needs in considering the shipping of the item. The theory of inventory control revolves around creating the inventory control method considering the conditions of the marketplace. Access the capital and the production capabilities with it. The most important approach is the seasonal activity of the labor along with the customers and the fluctuations of the price (Pengand Lai 2012). Decision Theory enable to generalizes the approach in the decision making process. It ensures that the decision maker initiates the theory to analyze the complex situations with the alternatives and the consequences related in it. The decision theory is a normative theory, which solves the problems of the decisions where one can perform with contradiction without being irrational. The decision theory enables the organizations to focus on some subdivision into five steps (Becker et al. 2013). The first step is the identification of the problem. Secondly, they need to obtain the necessary information about it. Thirdly, the production of the solution for the circumstances needs to arise and it needs to amend. Fifth step is the selection of the strategy for the performance of the organization. The decision theory further concentrates to makes the decisions and chooses between options, which would help to provide the outcome for the organization. However, the process does not include prov iding a positive outcome. The outcome could be positive or negative (Berger2013).The theory however contains some serious risks. His common two criticisms are discussed against the usefulness of the theory. The first argument is on the interference problems, which arise outside the domain of the theory, it is important for the increase of the understanding of the process. The second criticism associates are about the questionable value. It arises because of the presence of the costs and the prior probabilities that is appropriate in the context for application, which is difficult (Rokach and Maimon 2014). Comparison of the theories with the process Nike has its main issue in terms of its inventory control. The theory approached contains the appropriate measures to overcome the problems of the inventory measure. The theories describe the optimization of the product through minimizes the cost. The processes of Nike involved dispatching the amount in discounts. However, the theory on inventory adopts in measure and manages their production and storage based on the cost-containment and completing the needs of the customers through service (Chernoff and Moses 2012). The case study further shows that the process involves by Nike are on storing the inventory in advance. While the theory implies that order, need to fulfill when it is necessary. Proper inventory control would lead to labor cost while the processes of Nike went wrong because of its adoption of policies to reduce its labor cost and outsourcing from foreign countries. The process of Nike needs is lacking the decision process. They need to adopt measures on the decision making process. The decision process enables in choosing from the alternatives. The situation describes to initiate possible alternatives. Nike lacks to adopt the policy from there (Slack 2015). The decision theory will enable for the pattern of demand to remain stable throughout the year. Again, the decision theory explains to get the highest expected monetary value. It includes the processes either with highest expected cost or with lowest expected cost (Cummings and Worley 2014). The adoption of the theories initiates not only the adoption but also the difference in the process comparing with Nike. However, the policies need to implement the strategies according to the theories. It would help them to achieve operational efficiency in terms of success. The two theories adopted so that it could solve the problems related with the process of the operations in the organizations (Haimes 2015). Changes would ensure improves the quality and customer requirements Nike needs to adopt an effective supply chain management, which would ensure for provide an accurate demand forecasting. The quality of the service of operations can be improved thorough its improvement in the demand forecasting. It is because of the fact that procurement, distribution, scheduling and the inventory are determined through the predictions of the demand. However, the forecast cannot become accurate so they need to adopt the essential tools and the techniques that the company can use to increase its proficiency (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Nike needs to consider a variety of quantitative methods to utilizing its data. It in return would enable to make effectiveness in production that would meet the demand of the customers. The company needs to ensure the demand in right amounts according to the supply. It needs to achieve through the adoption of tools and techniques in forecasting of the demand. They need to use the process of linear regression to improve forecasting dema nd. Nike could able to relate with its time and the trend of liner line. The company can predict the future predictions from the slope. To improve the quality of the company needs to improve its quality through the adjustments in forecasting of the error and improve the accuracy. They need to implement the forecast error in using the techniques like mean absolute Deviation or MAD. It can ensure improves in its quality through the determination for the predictions either high or low (Christopher 2016). Nike needs to adopt inventory management systems in the organization. The organization further emphasis on the quality of the software ensures to improve the quality of the business. The company needs to improve its domain mainly on products in which they lack the important operational activities. However the inventory management includes improves for the quality of the product (Lillis 2014). The quality and customer retention should the first priority for the company needs to adopt ways to complete the process. They need to improve their inventory process. The process needs to develop not only through qualitative method but also through quantitative method. The company needs to adopt the policies according to it. The company needs to give its focus on improving its quality through adopting tools and techniques in terms of supply chain and inventory management (Hilland Hill2012). The improvement in the quality operations would prove benefit for the company. The operation management connects with the economic forces, regulatory concerns, consolidating industries and the workforce of the industry. Nike needs to update the customer database. They need to update it through phone, email and letter. The customer needs in reminding of the business and give them options to think about them. The company needs to gives focus on its quality through encouraging repeat business. Operation improvement is the fundamental requirement for the organization. The operational efficiency leads to growth and expansion of the business. The discussion further focuses on the supply chain and inventory management makes the operations in a better state. However there are other points which need to consider ensuring better quality and customer service by the company. The company needs to adopt improvement in asset optimization. They need to adopt measures for quality and safety improveme nt. Further the company needs to execute the project. They need to adopt reliability in their techniques. The organization further needs to adopt the process of value engineering (Lillis 2014). Recommendations The dynamic demand fluctuations in the inventory management establish the company, which has inventories to satisfy the demand through, minimizes the cost. It has many cost associated with maintaining the inventories. The first step is to ensure the correct measure of the demand forecast. Nike needs to utilize the ERP software and ensure coordination among supplies. The supply chain of Nike needs to be beneficial through the consideration of the Vendor Managed inventory or VMI and the process for Continuous Replacement Program. The combinations of the strategies would initiate a positive impact on the company and its suppliers. It would improve the overall supply chain starting from its upstream of the procurement of the raw materials (Subramanian and Ramanathan2012). The right product in the outlet would ensure excesses of supply chain management. The companies start to get benefited from the VMI/CRP. VMI and CRP make the supplier responsible for the inventory management and the replenishment of the product. The implementation of its ERP software and integrating it towards the suppliers for the sales data as well as the demand forecast. The manufacturer would ensure operations according the demand forecast the inventory requirements that that need to produce Nike places order (Khanna 2015). The supply chain encompasses the flow and transformation of the goods and the services of raw materials stages to the customer who is the end user. They are associated with the information low. The Nike supply chain being the manufactures source the raw materials for the production of the company. The fact the Nike outsource their manufacturing implies to control procurement and manufacturing process. Nike considers the acquisition to gain control in operations where the company suppliers control its operations. The implementation for the VMI/CRP would ensure the operations as it would provide operation of the company in upstream because of the manufacturer (Hill and Hill 2012). The processes of Process Map in the figure shows the points of consumption through its understanding in a simple way. The company here needs to purchase raw materials from various sources and then needs to ship plant. They need to assemble the product from there itself. The assemblage of the products would ship the products directly to its customers from the Online Store. The other distribution store mentioned is the retail stores, direct sales and the distributers (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Conclusion The operational management of a company forms the basis of it. Recent years Nike already shows improvement in its supply chain management. The assessment based on the conditions of the company in past. The primary areas where improvements need to implements are the areas of demand forecast, inventory management and scheduling. The areas mentioned are interrelated as the demand forecast determines the inventory requirements. This will ensure the scheduling. The strategies that need to follow are the effective address of the successful implementation and the integration of its software. The company needs to adopt the theories through proper utilization of it. Analyze further points there is a huge difference between the theories and the process. Nike needs to adopt policies to solve the gap between it. Reference List: Becker, J., Kugeler, M. and Rosemann, M. eds., 2013.Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Berger, J.O., 2013.Statistical decision theory and Bayesian analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Brown, S., Bessant, J.R. and Lamming, R., 2013.Strategic operations management. Routledge. Chase, J., 2012.Operations management. Tata McGraw-Hill. Chernoff, H. and Moses, L.E., 2012.Elementary decision theory. Courier Corporation. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Haimes, Y.Y., 2015.Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012.Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Khanna, R.B., 2015.Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Peng, D.X. and Lai, F., 2012. Using partial least squares in operations management research: A practical guideline and summary of past research.Journal of Operations Management,30(6), pp.467-480. Rokach, L. and Maimon, O., 2014.Data mining with decision trees: theory and applications. World scientific. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Schnsleben, P., 2016.Integral logistics management: Operations and supply chain management within and across companies. CRC Press. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management.International Journal of Production Economics,138(2), pp.215-241. Lillis, B., 2014. Service Productivity in the Hotel Business. InDriving Service Productivity(pp. 167-189). Springer International Publishing.

Essay Examples on Jamaica Essay Example

Essay Examples on Jamaica Paper 1st Essay Sample on jamaica Jamaica like many other countrys has strigled and gained much. They have been trough wars, and finally found their independence. Jamaica is mostly made up of all the other migrants that have gone there from its food, to the music it has all mainly been adopted off other countrys. Still however they keep many traditional things such as their own taste for food, and the beat they add to their music. Jamaican Food style is rather common.Their dishes consist mainly of fish or meat marinaded in fresh local herbs spices. On top most of the time a hot peper spice is sprinkled on for flavor. They also use up a lot of their soil to cultivate fruits, most popular being: mango, pineapple, and bananas. Their drinks were fresh cocunut water but after the discovery of sugar cane it became rather popular. The variety of fruits also influences their great variety of juices. Most Jamaicans beggin their days with a warm cup of tea. Both grown up and kids enjoy of the same treats and snacks and of course most of their snacks consist of fruit things such as coconut drops and things of that sort. Jamaicans also have a variety ofcakes but the fruit cake a dark rich treat is the most popular at both weddings and Christmas. They have other foods for other celebrations but its mainly fruit filled cakes. Jamaican main entertainment source is music, dances and local events. music differs from an upbeat, catchy rythim to a completely sadistic mellow tune. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Jamaica specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Jamaica specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Jamaica specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Their music was mainly influenced by other countrys. They listened to american RB in their old radios and also included some of their sounds. Fromthere they developed ska. Their songs mainly about political matters or injustices done to the people. Most singers sing about such issues to express their opinion with out getting sucked into a political fight. Also in Jamaica Quadrille, (a kind of square dance) is being preserved by trying to spread it out to young people. 2nd Essay Sample on jamaica The freedom movement in Jamaica was successful. Christopher Columbus saw Jamaica in 1494(colubiaencyclopedia). Jamaica became wealthy due to pirates such as Sir henry Morgan (Jamaica, page1). Jamaicans worked together during the black uprisings and riots. Jamaicans gained independence.Jamaicans worked together to form their own political parties. Some historians argue that the freedom movement in Jamaica was unsuccessful. This topic is important because it shows us that if we work together and fight for what is right anything can be achieved. Jamaica is an island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba. Thefirst humans on the islands were Arawaks, which came from Venezuela. After some years slowly the Arawak population began to decline and soon they were no more. Soon after Christopher Columbus saw Jamaica in 1494 (Jamaica, page1). Jamaica became wealthy due to pirates such as Sir henry Morgan (Jamaica, page1). Jamaica is a small country in the Caribbean Sea. In 1692 an earthquake destroyed most of the city and Spanish town became the capitol. The Slave population expanded in Jamaica. Escaped slaves occasionally were helped by the maroons (escaped slaves that live in remote parts of the island). The sugar industry descended in 1833 because of slave abolition. Economic misfortune was the main purpose behind the Morant bay resistance. The British heartlessly subdued the uprising and also forced the legislature to relinquish all its powers. Due to the economic downfall many blacks moved to surrounding islands to find brief work. Many of them left the island to work for little amounts of money. A new constitution in 1884 established a foundation the beginning rebirth of local independence for Jamaica. Jamaicans worked together during black riots and uprisings. Slaves and freed slaves sometimes organized recurrent uprisings against European landowners (Jamaica, page 1).

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays (1050 words) - Free Essays

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays (1050 words) - Free Essays All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front is one of the greatest war novels of all time. It is a story, not of Germans, but of men, who even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war. The entire purpose of this novel is to illustrate the vivid horror and raw nature of war and to change the popular belief that war is an idealistic and romantic character. The story centers on Paul Ba?mer, who enlists in the German army with glowing enthusiasm. But in the course of war, he is consumed by it and in the end is "weary, broken, burnt out, rootless, and without hope." Through Ba?mer, Remarque examines how war makes man inhuman. He uses excellent words and phrases to describe crucial details to this theme. "The first bomb, the first explosion, burst in our hearts." Ba?mer and his classmates who enlisted into the army see the true reality of the war. They enter the war fresh from school, knowing nothing except the environment of hopeful youth and they come to a premature maturity with the war, their only home. "We were eighteen and had begun to love life and the world; and we had to shoot it to pieces. We are not youth any longer." They have lost their innocents. Everything they are taught, "the world of work, duty, culture, and progress" are not the slightest use to them because the only thing they need to know is how to survive. They need to know how to escape the shells as well as the emotional and psychological torment of the war. The war takes an heavy toll on the soldiers who fight in it. The terror of death will infest the minds of soldiers and bring about horrible images of death and destruction until they break down and go to pieces. "Every hour and everyday, every shell and every death cuts this thin [line of sanity], and the years waste it rapidly." In these dangerous moments, anybody would have gone mad, have deserted their post, or have fallen. It takes a special kind of soldier to deal with this emotional abuse; a soldier who will not go to pieces at the sight of a mutilated body; it takes a soldier like Ba?mer. Ba?mer has "grown accustomed to it; war is the cause of death like influenza and dysentery. The deaths are merely more frequent, more varied and terrible." He has rid himself of all feelings and thoughts. His emotions lie buried in the earth along with the soldiers who fell prey to them. His dullness protects him from going mad at the sight a slaughtered comrade or butchered friend. He wants to live at all costs so "every expression of his life must serve one purpose and one purpose only, preservation of existence, and he is absolutely focused on that." For the cost of life is the death of his emotions, his survival depends on it. Every shell that falls, every shot that fires, a soldier must face the possible certainty of death. To Ba?mer, death carries hand grenades and a bayonet, and a rifle really to take what he has long protected-his life. Whenever he looks into the eyes of an enemy soldier, he does not see a man, but sees death staring back at him. What can you do but fight back? He can not and will not coexist with you. It does not matter that he is a man of your same distinction; it does not matter if he has a mother, a father, a sister or a brother. All that matters is that he wants to take your life. The only way for you to live is to destroy him before he does destroys you. Your salvation means his sacrifice. The life of a man is the price you pay for your continual existence. Ba?mer would destroy him because he threatens his survival and his survival is most important. "We march up, moody or good-tempered soldiers-we reach the zone where the front begins and become on the instant animals." The fate of Ba?mer and the fate of all soldiers depends on their faith in their primal instincts.

The Externalities of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

The Externalities of Education - Essay Example ed belief that children who are educated in public schooling systems benefit the society (Friedman, 1993), in three forms; educated society, higher pays (Kling, 2008), and a diversity from socio-cultural aspects (Huylenbroeck, Vandermeule, Mettepenningen & Verspecht, 2007). Public education contributes to an educated society on the whole. A person who is well educated learns virtues and values from his education, enabling him to be a better citizen of the society (Friedman, 1993), e.g. a student who is taught not to steal even if he may be hungry or poor, generates externalities for the society by preventing crime. An educated citizen is also a better voter which also inturn contributes to the society in turn (Friedman, 1993). They make communities safer and better place, more likely to make good decision when electing a leader, low crime rates and higher living standards. Higher pays result from public schooling. Public schooling renders more children exposure and ability to educate themselves, provides opportunities to those who cannot afford education and propagates a system that results in closing the gap between rich and poor; thus contributing to higher indexes of education, leading to higher pay scales of public (Kling, 2008). The higher the pay scales, the better will be the ability of citizens to pay their taxes, expand businesses and hire more workers, thus contributing further to the society benefits. Public schooling affords a socio-cultural diversity to the educated community. People from ethnic and neglected backgrounds gain a chance at educating themselves thus improving their circumstances (Huylenbroeck, et. al, 2007). The cultural and socio economic diversity at these schools makes them ideal for children to gain experience of living together with children of versatile communities; furthermore it allows children to develop cognitively, socio-emotionally, and character wise (teendiversophy, 2006). Public K12 education based on the externalities

Mental illness in our community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mental illness in our community - Essay Example This essay will discuss how the community can deal with such patients, and to what extent the patient himself can be a part of his recovery. In most nations, mental health care implies confinement to mental hospitals or care by community mental health teams. Such teams are expected to meet the health and social needs. Physical health is not given importance and hospital visits are short and infrequent. The mental health practitioners have no training in physical care. The state hospitals in fact are unable to meet the wants and needs of patients with mental illness, which has caused community based settings to come up (Anthony, 1993). The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) devised the concept of Community Support System (CSS) to assist people with long-term psychiatric disorders. The community needs support to provide support to patients with mental disorders. The consequence of community based treatment led to the understanding that it is important to treat the cause of the illness rather than the illness. Mental illness does not merely cause mental impairments but it leads to functional limitations, disabilities, and handicaps. Studies and treatment led to the understanding that recovery is important in mental illness just as in physical illness. Recovery does not mean cure or freedom from the disease but it means acceptance of the disease. A person is able to change his attitude, values, goals, feelings, behavior, and role in life. He is in better control of his life, can lead a satisfying life, and contribute despite limitations. Recovery means to find a new meaning in life as one learns to grow beyond the illness. People with mental illness normally have a stigma attached to them. The community is responsible to help them recover from this stigma. They already suffer from lack of oppurtunities and negative effects of unemployment. Recovery is a difficult

Financial Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial - Case Study Example However, this decision may not be free from the relative risks that investing in new markets and countries can carry. Various competitive forces may be at play and the firm has to strategically devise its strategies to effectively negotiate with the different risks that may arise after the investment is made. Joblot Plc’s decision to enter into Lazka may be one of the significant investment decisions that the firm has to make. However, this decision will involve a comprehensive analysis of the various important factors that will contribute towards assessing the impact of various risks. The possible sources of risks may include political risk, foreign exchange risk, market risk as well as other risks that may generally arise in due course. This report will provide a comprehensive overview of the generalized risks that Joblot Plc may face while investing into Lazka using the currency of Lazka. Further, this report will also present a set of recommendations to the Board in order to reduce these risks. Any investment that is made always carries different risks and investors have to compensate themselves in order to undertake such investment decisions. The risks, therefore, are often covered by charging the premium over an above certain rate offered by relatively risk-free investment opportunities. Such type of risks can arise due to various reasons including risks arising out of changes in the interest rates, risks arising out of changes in the rate of return offered by alternative securities, political risk etc. However, when a decision is made to make international investments, the overall scenario changes because investing internationally adds more risks to the investments and the extent of existing risks becomes more significant.

Harlem Renaissance And The Cotton Club Film Studies Essay

Harlem Renaissance And The Cotton Club Film Studies Essay Cotton Club as an example of Jazz scene during the Harlem Renaissance in the movie The Cotton Club by Francis Ford Coppola Even though the Harlem Renaissance ended almost 80 years ago and its timeline is almost the same as the prohibition, it still seems to have an incredible impact on American society and culture as such. What happened during those 13 years was a sort of revolution in every field of life in upper Manhattan. It would be almost impossible to name and enumerate every artist, musician, politician responsible for the Harlem Renaissance. What is the more important is the fact it was a moment in history when African American culture was able to express itself as separate from mainstream American culture of that time. Jazz became a powerful tool of defining Harlem identity; as Patrick Burke claims for African Americans interest in jazz was mixed with a desire to think and act differently. Harlem jazz musicians needed a place to practice and perform and the Cotton Club proved to play an important role in creating an atmosphere of artistic and intellectual growth during the jazz era, as depicted in the Cotton Club movie by Francis Ford Coppola. Francois Weil, the author of A History of New York, defines the Harlem Renaissance as the first African American movement in the modern history; the movement that influenced every aspect of cultural life, such as literature, music, art etc. Harlem in the 1920s was the place to be. It became what the Greenwich Village was in the downtown, mainly a place of cultural revival; an oasis to artist and intellectuals of all sorts. Harlems cultural revival at that time was called The New Negro Renaissance, a term that defined everything that was new, modern and exciting. The new movement was focused around black writers, like Zora Neale Hurston, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes and jazz musicians, like Duke Ellington or Cab Calloway. In the 1920s, what was called Harlem stretched from 130th to 145th street, from Madison Avenue to Eighth Avenue. What became essential in Harlem Renaissance was the music; jazz, or rather ragtime as it should be called was one of the first examples of interaction between white and black music. Ragtime, as a genre was a combination of European and American influences. Its name comes from the ragged rhythm. Due to the prosperity of the 1920s, New York became the new capital of entertainment. Prohibition did not stop New Yorkers craze for nightlife, however, they had to search for fun somewhere else, in the speakeasies- illegal bars serving alcohol, mostly located in the basements. One of the most famous speakeasies was Onyx Club, which was a venue for both musicians and New Yorkers in search of fun and adventure. Patrick Burke, the author of Oasis of Swing, explains that what attracted both musicians and audience to that kind of places was the image of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ jazz as an authentic, immediate form of personal expression. Speakeasies were often located in private houses or in the basements of official clubs. There was a wide variety of speakeasies, ranging from the dà ©cor and the style to the clientele and the prices of alcohol. Most of them were located in the downtown. When the parties were over on Times Square after midnight, the night had just begun in Harlem. For those, who were craving for more adventurous nightlife, Harlem was the Promised Land; it was home for famous clubs like, just to mention some, The Cotton Club, Connies Inn and Small Paradise. The Cotton Club was the place where the greatest jazz musicians, like Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong or Cab Calloway, performed. Interestingly enough, The Cotton Club, was a place for white customers only. African Americans were allowed on the stage as performers, dancers, musicians but not as guests of the club. As Watson claims, the Cotton Club was the largest, featured the most extravagant shows, charged the highest prices, and most strictly enforced the color line. Strangely enough, thanks to its policy, the club was seen as one of the best places for white New Yorkers to be immersed into black culture. The Cotton Club attracted white clientele in many ways, for example by serving fancy food, the prices were unreasonably high, the dancers were young and pretty; it all created the atmosphere of a place for elites. In the heart of Harlem, The Cotton Club was a venue run by white owners for white audience. The Cotton Club was quite an extraordinary place where not only did white and black clash, but also other groups, like high and low classes, mob bosses and artist. Furthermore, the club was attracting its clients by the creating the sense of forbidden adventure. On top of that, illegal alcohol was just another factor that created the clubs myth. The Cotton Club movie was directed by Francis Ford Coppola in 1984. Coppola, whos regarded as one of the most important American filmmakers, had been renowned for Apocalypse Now and The Godfather trilogy. Growing up in New York, although he was born in Detroit but his family moved to New York when he was a child, he actually made the city something more than just a background for the stories he depicted in his movies, the city itself became the vital part of his movies, almost like another main character, for example in the Godfather, where he depicted the life of Italian tenants living in New York City. The Cotton Club was produced by his own studio, Zoetrope Studio, which meant for Coppola even greater financial responsibility in case the movie did not become an instant success. Not only did it fail in commercial sense, but also it did not meet the audience and the movie critics expectations. The story is set in Harlem, New York City, primarily in 1928. The main character is white cornet player, Michael Dwyer called Dixie, starred by Richard Gere, who incidentally saves Dutch Schulz, starred by James Remar, life and since then Dixies life changes completely. This night is a turning point for Dixie; at the same club where he rescues Dutch, he meets Vera Cicero, starred by Diane Lane, a woman he completely falls in love with. In addition, Vera turns out to be Dutchs mistress. Unfortunately, Dixie has no idea that the person he rescued is a mob boss, and this very fact makes Dixie mingled into the underground world of gangsters, bootleggers and speakeasies. As the story develops, other characters appear on the screen, for example Williamss brothers, two black tap dancers and this is the very first moment when the story moves into The Cotton Club. From now on, the lives of black and white characters are connected via the club itself. What strikes viewers attention most is segregation at the Cotton Club. The black performers are allowed to use only the backdoor, leaving the front door to white audience only. This fact is easily understood when it turns out that the owner of the club is white man, Owney Madden, starred by Bob Hoskins, who claims to be a businessman rather than a mobster and whose main concern is how much he can earn by selling illegal liquor at the club. Dixie takes the screening test and gets engaged in the movie industry, which means moving to Hollywood and leaving New York and his beloved Vera. He takes his chance, seeing this as an opportunity to escape from his problems with Dutch. Out of a sudden, Dixie becomes a movie star. Meanwhile, the mob war in Harlem starts. To make things worse, the prices of stocks crash on Wall Street. The Great Depression does not seem to affect Vera Cicero, who left by Dixie, opens her own night club, Veras Club, for whites only on Broadway. Out of the sudden, Dixie comes back from Hollywood as a celebrity, finding his brother Vinnie guilty of killing innocent children in the street. The stock market crash in 1929 and the mob wars in 1930 are presented to build the dark and gloomy atmosphere of inevitable doom. In other words, the good careless days of jazz age are over and what is about to happen is like a harsh wake up after an all-night party. Talking about black characters in the movie, they are presented as a sort of background for white main characters. There is another love affair in the movie, between black tap dancer, Dalbert, called Sandman, Williams, starred by ,Gregory Hines, and a singer, Lila, starred by Lonette McKee, whose tragedy is that she comes from a mixed background, of a white mother and black father, which makes her black for whites and white for blacks. Lila is a star at the Cotton Club, dreaming about career on a Broadway. Thanks to Vera Cicero, her dreams come true, as Lila is white enough to perform at the Veras Club. The black jazz scene in the Cotton Club is depicted in two ways. First of all, there are historic names, such as Duke Ellington or Cab Calloway and fictional names, such as Williams Brothers. As far as historic names are concerned, the jazz scene in the Cotton Club can be divided into two phases: The Duke Ellingtons era, till 1930, and Cab Calloways era, since 1931. The times when Cab was the host at the Cotton Club mark the line of a different sort of entertainment; the show was more varied, there were more dancers, feathers, the pace was faster, because the audience was more varied. 1931 is important in the movie for two reasons; first because it is a date when the concerts are broadcast live from Cotton Club, second, it is a time when black audience is allowed into the club. As far as fictional characters are concerned, the major black characters are two brothers, Clay and Dalbert Williams, who want to succeed at the Cotton Club as tap dancers. When they finally make it there, they start competing with each other and this rivalry leads to a split between them. The conflict is not an endless one and Williams brothers realize that what made them went separate ways is meaningless, and what really matters is the fact they are flesh and blood. The scene when sing and tap together to the Crazy Rhythm is one of the best scenes in the entire movie. In addition, the second best scene in the whole movie is a violent scene of Dutchs murder is accompanied by Sandmans tap dance in the background. The evening show at the Cotton Club is depicted in the movie as a sort of a variety show. The stage in the shape of a horse hoof is located right in the center, surrounded by the customers tables. First, there female dancers enter the stage; young and attractive black girls chosen to attract mostly the male clientele. At the back of the stage there is a black jazz band accompanying the dancers. Secondly, there is a ballet performance or a singer solo accompanied by the orchestra. Next there is a tap dance, like Williams brothers, who dance synchronically to the rhythm of the music. The club is presented as a meeting spot for celebrities as well, for example when Dixie meets Gloria Swanson, the movie star. The show changes pace so that the audience can talk eat and enjoy it without paying attention all the time to what is happening on the stage. The genre of this movie is a crime story combined with love story. The crime story part is most evident when at the beginning and the end of the movie when the Dutchs opponents try to kill him and when Dixies brother, who became a gangster, incidentally shots kids on the street. The love story part is the dangerous, erotic and highly emotional relationship between Vera Cicero and Dixie Dwyer, the best example is the passionate tango scene where Vera slaps Dixie, who slaps her back. Their romance has to be a secret; otherwise they would get killed by Dutch. This tension leads to the inevitable conflict between Dutch and Dixie, which is the climax of the story, hence the secret about the love affair is revealed. The Cotton Club movies strength lies in meticulous preparation to recreate the atmosphere of jazz age; as a matter of fact, the interior design and art deco details are impressive and take the viewers back to the famous club in the late 1920s.However, the movie has some flaws. First of all, it is not a tribute to black Harlem artists who were responsible for a cultural revival of that time. As Johnson points out, the movie of that title should be focused on indomitability of segregated black artists who were able to lose themselves in ecstasies of escapist jazz songs and dance. Secondly, the movie proves to be a crime story rather than a musical. Thirdly, black artists are displayed as minor characters, whereas all the glory and attention go to the white protagonists, especially white jazz musician Dixie Dwyer and femme fatale Vera Cicero. The Cotton Club as an example of a nightclub was responsible for cultural revival in Harlem. Even though being responsible for segregation in Harlem, the club proved to be the place where many talented artists could perform and become famous overnight. It was the ultimate place where white audience could become familiar with Afro-American culture, for example by listening to Duke Ellingtons orchestra play jazz in the club. Furthermore, The Cotton Club was more than a jazz club; it was a scene for tap dancers, performers, singers, and other artists to show broader audience their work. In this way, The Cotton Club might be called the meeting place of white New Yorkers and African-American Harlem residents. The Great Depression brought about the end of phenomena called the Harlem Renaissance. The majority of clubs were closed; significant artists abandoned Harlem and moved to other states or headed for Europe. The great cultural revival was over. In addition, the end of Harlem Renaissance is marked with the end of prohibition. The nightlife lost its seductive glamour; the speakeasies ceased to be the meeting spots. Stock market crash had a bigger impact on Harlem than anyone would expect; everything seemed to be falling apart. The Cotton Club and Connies In were open during the great depression. What changed was the number of white clients increasing. The repeal of prohibition seemed to have more impact on Harlem nightlife than the depression itself.

The runabout car :: essays research papers fc

In the 1920s, the automobile industry was being quickly innovated by companies coming out with new cars, very quickly. In 1901 the new Detroit factory burned down and the only automobile to be rescued from the flames was a gasoline powered runabout, the â€Å"curved dash† Oldsmobile. Also in 1901, there was a discovery of a seemingly â€Å"inexhaustible† supply of oil near Beaumont, Texas. These rich deposits of petroleum made gasoline readily available and gave added impetus to the internal combustion engine in its competition with steam and electric power. In March, fires destroyed most of the Olds Plant and the only car that was saved was the Curved Dash olds. Olds rebuilt immediately and put all the production resources into the little Curved Dash Olds, the â€Å"Merry Oldsmobile†. A car was envisioned which weighed 500 pounds and could be sold for $500. Actually, when the famous Curved-Dash Oldsmobile runabout car was finished, it weighed 700 pounds and was sold for $650. Between 1901 and 1904, over 12,000 Oldsmobile cars were built and sold. This was the first volume production car in the world. Speedometers appear first on Oldsmobile. To serve as an advertisement, a Curved Dash Olds was driven from Detroit to New York. This was the longest automobile trip that had been made in the U.S. until that time. Later, in about 1923, standard equipment included four wheel brakes, foot-controlled headlamp dimmer switches, and power operated windshield wipers. On Feb. 2, "Ethyl" gas was first put on the market. The lowest priced T was the runabout, selling at $265. 1908 October 1, Henry Ford put the first of his T's on the road. The 4-cylinder, 20-horsepower T was available in two styles. The runabout sold for $825, the touring for $850. During the last three months of 1908, the Ford Motor Company sold 6,000 cars. William C. Durant sold 9,000 Buick’s during 1908. The Ford Motor Company greatly outpaced its competitors in reconc iling state-of-the-art design with moderate price. Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal called the four-cylinder, fifteen-horsepower, $600 Ford N (1906-1907) "the very first instance of a low-cost motorcar driven by a gas engine having cylinders enough to give the shaft a turning impulse in each shaft turn which was well built and offered in large numbers." Deluged with orders, Ford installed improved production equipment and after 1906 was able to make deliveries of a hundred cars a day.